Pressure testing apparatus and testing method for propane tank systems

ABSTRACT

A method and assembly (kit) are provided for use by propane tank service personnel to detect escaping gas in propane tank systems. The standard connection between the regulator and tank service valve is replaced with a permanent valve assembly including a main connection between the regulator and valve and a valve unit disposed in a branch connection of the valve assembly. A separate pressure gauge is individually assigned to tank service personnel and adapted to be carried by such personnel in testing the pressure in the propane tank. The pressure gauge is affixed, e.g., through a hose, to a valve unit connector including an actuator, i.e., a valve stem operator, for actuating the valve unit. When the pressure gauge is connected to the valve unit, the latter is actuated to provide an immediate reading of the tank pressure. A determination is made from this reading whether the tank is out of gas, and if the tank is out of gas, the service valve is turned on, gas introduced, the service valve turned off and a further pressure check made to determine whether gas is leaking. In one embodiment, the valve unit comprises a saddle valve directly connected to the main connection over a drilled hole in the latter. In another embodiment, a manifold block, which includes a through bore and an orthogonal, communicating bore, mounts the valve unit.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/296,245, filed on Apr. 22, 1999, which is, in turn, a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/105,264 filed on Jun. 26, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,992,438 which is, in turn, a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No.08/603,215, filed on Feb. 20, 1996, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,787,916.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to propane tank systems and, more particularly, to a testing assembly and testing method for enabling repair personnel such as a driver- serviceman to readily check for leakage of propane gas from such a system.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Propane gas leaks can obviously cause serious problems. For example, fires resulting from such leaks can cause both property damage and personal injury including, in extreme cases, death. Thus, a very real need exists for an approach in testing for such leaks that will effectively protect the homeowner-users of propane gas. Such protection would also be of substantial benefit to the companies that serve such homeowner-users particularly in the area of reducing the spiraling costs of lawsuits involving the leakage of gas into the home of a customer from the propane system. This leakage is often from appliances that have inadvertently been left on at the time of a gas outage in the propane tank. In any event, whatever the cause of such leakage, it is obviously very important to be able to readily determine when there is leakage from the system.

There are strict rules associated with the assembly and servicing of propane systems. The current rules are set out in NFPA Pamphlet 58. Considering the rules that bear on the issues involved with the present invention, NFPA Pamphlet 58, Section 3-2.10 states that “After assembly, piping systems (including hose) shall be tested and proven free of leaks at not less than operating pressure.” Section 4.2.1 states that “Before gas is introduced into a system after being shut off, the entire system shall be inspected to determine that there are no open fittings or ends and all manual valves at outlets on equipment are closed and all unused valves at outlets are closed and plugged or capped.” Section 4.2.2 states “Immediately after turning on the gas the piping system shall be tested to ascertain that no gas is escaping.” In addition, section 4.3.4 describes the process for purging (emptying of air from) a system that has been opened and states “After the piping has been placed in operation, all equipment shall be purged and then placed in operation as necessary.”

Section 4.1.4 of this pamphlet describes the methods of pressure testing and states as follows: “(a) Test pressure shall be measured with a manometer or with a pressure measuring device designed and calibrated to read, record, or indicate a pressure loss due to leakage during the pressure test period. The source of pressure shall be isolated before the pressure tests are made. (b) The test pressure to be used shall be no less than 1½ time the proposed maximum working pressure, but not less than 3 psig, irrespective of design pressure. Where the pressure exceeds 125 psig, the test pressure shall not exceed a value that produces a hoop stress in the piping greater than 50 percent of the specified minimum yield strength of the pipe. (c) Systems for undiluted liquefied petroleum gases shall withstand the pressure test in accordance with (b) above, or, for single-staged systems operating at a pressure of ½ psig or less, shall withstand a test pressure of 9.0±½ inch water column for a period of not less than 10 minutes without showing any drop in pressure. If the source of pressure for this test is a liquefied petroleum gas container, the container service valve shall be checked for positive shutoff with leak detector solution prior to the test, or shall be disconnected from the system during the test. (d) Test duration shall be not less than ½ hour for each 500 cubic feet of pipe volume or fraction thereof. When testing a system having a volume less than 10 cubic feet or a system in a single-family dwelling, the test duration shall be permitted to be reduced to 10 minutes. For a piping system having a volume of more than 24,000 cubic feet, the duration of the test shall not be required to exceed 24 hours.” Finally, Section 4.1.2 (exception) states that “Fuel gas shall be permitted to be used in piping systems operating at pressures of 0.5 psig.”

At present, there is no way for a driver-salesman or a service person, hereinafter referred to for convenience as a repairman or repair personnel, to check for leakage as described above without interrupting the gas piping, a process that is very time consuming. Further, this process introduces unwanted air into the system and thus requires such air to be purged.

There are, of course, many systems which use permanent valves and gauges for determining and/or controlling the pressure in the system. Reference is made in this regard to U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,923,312 (Wagner), 4,332,273 (Boyce) and 4,338,793 (O'Hern, Jr.) relating to refrigeration systems and to U.S. Pat. No. 4,702,754 (Blocker) relating to natural gas or propane delivery systems and U.S. Pat. No. 4,183,078 (Sorrell) relating to a combination shut-off and test-injection valve. Briefly considering some of these patents, the Wagner patent discloses a valve tool for charging and discharging refrigeration systems including a tee-adapter for testing gas pressures. The Boyce patent disclosed a leak-proof connector including a valve of the Schrader (or Schroeder) type while the O'Hern, Jr. patent discloses an adapter for a refrigeration system which also uses a normally closed Schrader valve. The Blocker patent discloses a test adapter which permits pressure tests to be carried out on delivery systems for fuel gas, i.e., propane or natural gas.

Reference is also made to U.S. Pat. No. 5,070,962 (Peterson, Jr.) which discloses a split valve test plug for use in a high pressure pipe line to sense pressure or temperature using a test probe and gauge. The plug valve includes a valve housing which is threaded into a tapped threaded opening in the pipe line.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to the present invention, an assembly kit and method are provided which permit service or repair personnel to check a propane system for leaks at the time of introduction of propane into the system and which eliminates the need for the purging described above after the test. The service person is also assisted in ascertaining whether the system is actually out of gas, requiring interruption of service, in spite of the reading(s) provided by the tank gauge(s) since such gauges may be inoperative or may be giving false readings.

In accordance with a first aspect of the invention, a method is provided for use by propane tank service personnel in detecting escaping gas in propane tank systems including a regulator and a tank service valve connected together by a standard connector, the method comprising the steps of: replacing the standard connector with a permanent valve and connector assembly including first and second end connections and a branch connection portion, a valve unit disposed in said branch connection portion and including a valve stem actuable to open said valve unit, the replacing step including connecting said first and second end connections to the tank service valve and the regulator, respectively; and using a separate pressure gauge assembly individually assigned to tank service personnel and adapted to be carried by said personnel for testing the pressure in the propane tank, said pressure gauge assembly including a pressure gauge; a valve assembly connector including means for actuating the valve unit when the valve assembly connector is connected to the valve assembly, said testing of pressure comprising connecting the valve assembly connector of the pressure gauge assembly to the branch connection portion of the valve assembly to actuate the valve unit and thus provide an immediate reading of the tank pressure by said gauge, using the reading of tank pressure in determining whether the tank is out of propane gas, and thereafter taking one or the other of the following two steps depending on the determining step: if the tank is determined to not be out of propane gas, introducing gas into the tank as needed; and if the tank is determined to be out of propane gas, turning the tank service valve off, pressurizing the tank, turning the service valve on, introducing gas into the system to pressurize the system, thereafter turning the tank service valve back off again so as to isolate the gas introduced into the tank, and reading the gauge pressure to determine whether gas is escaping from the propane tank system. It will be appreciated that because each tank service person carries his or her own gauge assembly, a separate gauge is not necessary for each propane tank system and one gauge assembly only is needed by each service person.

In a preferred, advantageous embodiment, the gauge includes an indicating needle and further comprises a pressure scale and an ambient temperature scale calibrated relative to said pressure scale so that the position of the needle that provides a reading of gauge pressure on the pressure scale also provides a reading of the corresponding minimum ambient temperature on the ambient temperature scale, and the determining step for determining whether the tank is out of propane gas includes determining the actual ambient temperature and comparing the actual ambient temperature with the reading of said corresponding minimum ambient temperature.

According to a second aspect of the invention, a kit is provided for use in a propane tank system for enabling detection of escaping gas by tank repair personnel, the tank system including a standard connector connecting a regulator to a tank service valve, and the kit comprising: a valve and connector assembly for connection between the regulator and the service valve in place of the standard connector, the valve and connector assembly comprising a connector including end connections for connection to the regulator and the service valve, respectively, a main connector portion between the said end connectors, and a branch connector portion connected at one end thereof to the main connection portion, a valve unit disposed in the branch connector portion and including a valve stem actuable to open a connection to the main connector portion; and a separate pressure gauge assembly adapted to be carried by tank repair personnel and including a pressure gauge, and a mounting means, connected to the pressure gauge, for providing connection of the pressure gauge to the branch connector portion of the valve assembly, and for, when connected to said branch connector portion, providing actuation of the valve stem so that, in use with the tank service valve open, the pressure gauge provides a reading of the tank pressure and, in use with the system pressurized and the tank service valve closed, the gauge provides an indication of the presence of a leak or open line in the propane tank system.

The gauge preferably includes an indicating needle and further comprises includes a pressure scale and an ambient temperature scale calibrated relative to said pressure scale so that the position of the needle that provides a reading of gauge pressure on the pressure scale also provides a reading of the corresponding minimum ambient temperature on the ambient temperature scale.

The valve unit advantageously comprises a Schrader valve (also referred to as a Schrader-Bridgeport valve). Further, the means disposed at the other end of the hose of the gauge assembly preferably includes a finger pressure operated screw-on connector. The latter feature enables the gauge assembly to be connected to the system without the use of wrenches or the like.

Preferably, the main connector portion includes at least one flexible portion. Advantageously, the at least one flexible portion comprises a pigtail section.

In one preferred embodiment, the branch connector portion is welded to the main portion. Advantageously, the main connector portion includes a pigtail section and the branch connector portion is welded to the pigtail section.

In another preferred embodiment, the connector includes a straight pipe connector and one of the end connectors comprises left-hand threading on the straight pipe connector for connection to the service valve.

In yet a further embodiment, the branch connector portion includes a quick coupling valve unit and the mounting means of said pressure gauge assembly includes a cooperating quick coupling connector.

In accordance with yet another aspect of the invention, a kit is provided for use in a propane tank system for enabling detection of escaping gas by tank repair personnel, the tank system including a standard connector connecting a regulator to a tank service valve, and the kit comprising: a valve and connector assembly for connection between the regulator and the service valve in place of the standard connector, the valve and connector assembly comprising a connector including end connections for connection to the regulator and the service valve, respectively, a main connector portion between the end connectors and including an outlet hole therein along its length, and a branch connector portion connected at one end thereof to the main connector portion and terminating in a free end, the branch connector portion comprising a saddle valve unit directly connected to the main connector portion over the outlet hole and including a valve stem actuable to open a connection from the connector to the free end of the branch connector portion, and a separate pressure gauge assembly adapted to be carried by tank repair personnel and including a pressure gauge, and mounting means, affixed to the pressure gauge, for providing connection of the pressure gauge to said free end of the branch connector portion of the valve assembly, and for, when connected to said free end of the branch connector portion, providing actuation of the valve stem so that, in use with the tank service valve open, the gauge provides a reading of the tank pressure and, in use with the system pressurized and the tank service valve closed, the gauge provides an indication of the presence of a leak or open line in the propane tank system.

Preferably, the saddle valve unit includes outwardly extending spaced legs which fit around the main connector portion and are welded or soldered to the main connector portion.

According to a still further aspect of the invention, a method is provided for use by propane tank service personnel in detecting escaping gas in a propane tank system including a regulator and a tank service valve connected together by a valve and connector assembly including first and second end connections connected to the tank service valve and the regulator, respectively, a branch connection portion, and a valve unit disposed in the branch connection portion and including a valve stem actuable to open the valve unit, the method comprising using a separate pressure gauge assembly individually assigned to tank service personnel and adapted to be carried by said personnel for testing the pressure in the propane tank, the pressure gauge assembly including a pressure gauge; a valve assembly connector including means for actuating the valve unit when the valve assembly connector is connected to the valve assembly, and the testing of pressure comprising connecting the valve assembly connector of the pressure gauge assembly to the branch connection portion of the valve and connector assembly to actuate the valve unit and thus provide an immediate reading of the tank pressure by said gauge, using the reading of tank pressure in determining whether the tank is out of propane gas, and thereafter taking one or the other of the following two steps depending on the determining step: if the tank is determined to not be out of propane gas, introducing gas into the tank as needed; and if the tank is determined to be out of propane gas, turning the tank service valve off, pressurizing the tank, turning the service valve on, introducing gas into the system to pressurize the system, thereafter turning the tank service valve back off again so as to isolate the gas introduced into the tank, and reading the gauge pressure to determine whether gas is escaping from the propane tank system.

Preferably, the valve and connector assembly includes a main connection portion between the first and second end connections, an outlet hole is drilled into the main connector portion at an intermediate location therealong, and the valve unit comprises a saddle valve affixed to the main connector portion over the outlet hole.

In accordance with yet another important aspect of the invention, a kit is provided for use in a propane tank system for enabling detection of escaping gas by tank repair personnel, the tank system including a standard connector connecting a regulator to a tank service valve, and the kit comprising: a valve and connector assembly for connection between the regulator and the service valve in place of the standard connector, said valve and connector assembly comprising a connector including end connections for connection to the regulator and the service valve, respectively, a main connector portion between said end connectors, a branch connector portion connected at one end thereof to said main connector portion and terminating in a free end, and a monolithic manifold block, connected in said main connector portion between two sections thereof, for connecting said main connector portion to said branch connector portion, the manifold block including a through bore in which is received facing end portions of the two sections of the main connector portion and a further bore extending orthogonally to, and connected to, the through bore, the further bore including a drilled hole portion of smaller diameter than the remainder of the further bore located adjacent to, and in communication with, the through bore, the further bore receiving therein, and being connected to, a valve unit including a valve stem actuable to open a connection from the connector to the free end of the branch connector portion, and a separate pressure gauge assembly adapted to be carried by tank repair personnel and including a pressure gauge, and mounting means, affixed to said pressure gauge, for providing connection of said pressure gauge to the free end of the branch connector portion of the valve and connector assembly, and for, when connected to said free end of said branch connector portion, providing actuation of said valve stem so that, in use with the tank service valve open, the gauge provides a reading of the tank pressure and, in use with the system pressurized and the tank service valve closed, the gauge provides an indication of the presence of a leak or open line in the propane tank system.

According to yet another aspect of the invention, a kit is provided for use in a propane tank system for enabling detection of escaping gas by tank repair personnel, the tank system including a standard connector connecting a regulator to a tank service valve, and the kit comprising: a valve and connector assembly for connection between the regulator and the tank service valve, said valve and connector assembly comprising first and second end connectors for providing communication with the regulator and the service valve, respectively, and a monolithic manifold block, said manifold block including a through bore and at least one further bore extending orthogonally to, and connected to, said through bore, one of said bores including a drilled hole portion of smaller diameter than the remainder of said one bore located adjacent to, and in communication with, the other bores, said one bore receiving therein, and being connected to, a valve unit including a valve stem actuable to open a connection to the bores of the manifold block, these other bores including a threaded end portion and the end connectors including threaded end portions adapted to be received in the threaded end portions of the other bores, the kit further comprising a separate pressure gauge assembly adapted to be carried by tank repair personnel and including a pressure gauge, and mounting means, affixed to said pressure gauge, for providing connection of the pressure gauge to the valve unit such that, when the gauge is connected to said valve unit, the valve stem is actuated so that, in use with the tank service valve open, the pressure gauge provides a reading of the tank pressure and, in use with system pressurized and the tank service valve closed, the gauge provides an indication of the presence of a leak or open line in the propane tank system.

Preferably, the assembly further comprises a flow control valve unit, adapted to be connected, in use of the kit, between the tank service valve and the manifold block, for, when actuated, isolating the tank service valve.

In accordance with a further aspect of the invention, a connector assembly is provided for direct or indirect connection to the tank service valve of a propane tank system, the connector unit comprising a unitary monolithic manifold connector block including a through bore having opposite threaded ends and at least one further bore, extending orthogonally to, and connected to, the through bore, the at least one further bore having a threaded end, and one of said bores including a drilled hole portion of smaller diameter than the remainder of the associated bore, the assembly further comprising a valve unit including a threaded end received in said one bore, and a first and second threaded connectors adapted to be received in two of said threaded ends.

In an advantageous embodiment, a flow control valve having a threaded end is connected to one of said threaded ends between said manifold block and an associated one of said connectors, the associated connector being adapted to be connected to the tank service valve and the flow control valve, when closed, shutting off the connection between the tank service valve and the manifold block.

The at least one further bore preferably comprises a further through bore extending orthogonally to the first mentioned through bore and having threaded opposite ends. Advantageously, a pressure bleed valve is connected to one of the threaded ends.

According to a further aspect of the invention, a pressure gauge test device is provided for testing mobile pressure gauges used by driver and service personnel for propane tank systems, the device comprising: a unitary monolithic connector block including first and second orthogonal through bores therein providing four connection ports, a male connector connected to one of said ports, a female connector connected to a separate one of said ports, a pressure gauge permanently connected to a further one of said ports, and a valve unit connected to another one of said ports and including a valve stem, actuated responsive to connection to the valve unit of a pressure gauge to be tested, for, when actuated, opening a connection to the bores in the manifold block.

Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in, or apparent from, the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an exploded front elevational view of a pressure testing kit or assembly constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a front elevational view of the gauge in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a top plan view of a propane tank incorporating the testing assembly of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is an exploded front elevational view of another embodiment of the kit of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is an exploded front elevational view of yet another embodiment of the kit of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is an exploded front elevational view of a further embodiment of the kit of FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is an exploded front elevational view of still another embodiment of the kit of FIG. 1;

FIG. 8 is an exploded front elevational view of yet another embodiment of a part of the kit of FIG. 1; and

FIG. 9 is a front elevational view of the embodiment of FIG. 8, as assembled;

FIGS. 10, 11 and 12 are an end elevational view, a front elevational view and a top plan view, respectively, of still another embodiment of the invention; and

FIG. 13 is a front elevational view of the embodiment of FIG. 8, as assembled with a valve unit and installed;

FIG. 14 is a front elevational view of an alternative implementation of the embodiment of FIGS. 10 to 12;

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a further implementation of the basic embodiment shown in FIGS. 10 to 12;

FIG. 16 is an exploded side elevational view of an embodiment similar to that of FIG. 15, as adapted to be connected to a tank service valve and including an optional flow control valve;

FIG. 16(a) is a perspective view of the flow control valve of FIG. 16; and

FIG. 17 is a front elevational view of a pressure gauge test device in accordance with yet another embodiment of the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown an exploded front elevational view of the propane tank leakage detection kit or assembly of the invention. The overall assembly, which is generally denoted 10, basically comprises a valve assembly 12 which is adapted to be installed on the tank and a pressure gauge assembly 14 which is carried by repair or service personnel and, as explained in more detail below, is adapted to be connected in line in the tank system and used in cooperation with valve assembly 12 to provide an indication or measurement of the gas pressure within the tank.

Before considering the two assemblies 12 and 14 in more detail, reference is made to FIG. 3 which shows the assembly 10 about to be used to measure the pressure with a propane tank 16 of a propane tank system generally denoted 18. The propane tank system 18 includes a tank valve 20 located at the top of tank 16 generally centrally thereof, a flexible “pigtail” connector 22 which connects tank valve 20 to a regulator 24 and an outlet connector 26 which connects regulator 24 to the house piping, i.e., the piping into the house at which the tank system 18 is used.

It will be understood that tank valve 20, regulator 24 and connector 26 are conventional, and that a conventional system would include a connection, typically in the form of a pigtail connector, between the tank valve and regulator. However, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the conventional connection between valve 20 and regulator 22 is replaced by a connector 22 which is constituted by or incorporates a valve assembly 12 corresponding to that shown in FIG. 1 and which cooperates with a pressure gauge assembly 14 which is shown in FIG. 3 and which also corresponds to that shown in FIG. 1.

Referring again to FIG. 1, valve assembly 12 includes a tee connector 28 which includes a central branch forming a male flare connection 28 a adapted to receive therein a valve unit or valve 30. Valve 30 is preferably a conventional Schrader valve such as the valves which are conventionally used in refrigeration systems. Such a valve is described in, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,338,793 to O'Hern, Jr. referred to above. The valve 30 includes a valve stem or operator 30 a which controls opening and closing of the valve 30 in a conventional manner. A knurled valve cap 32 fits over the male connection 28 a when the valve is not connected to gauge assembly 14. The base of tee connector 28 is fitted in line into a flexible connector 34 so that, with valve 30 closed, a direct or through connection is provided thereby between tank valve 20 and regulator 24. At opposite ends of flexible connector 34 are conventional end connections 36 and 38 including male unions 36 a and 38 a. It is to be understood that apart form connection therein of a valve unit therein the flexible connection 34 and end connections 36 and 38 are entirely conventional and themselves form no part of the invention. The elements are considered to be part of valve assembly 12 because, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the entire existing standard or conventional connection between tank valve 20 and regulator 24 is replaced by valve assembly 22 rather than inserting a valve unit in the existing connection. Further, the end connections 36 and 38 (and particularly the latter) can take different forms depending on the nature of the existing connection in the propane system.

Turning now to the gauge assembly 14 (FIG. 3), this assembly includes a gauge 40 with a main connector 40 a, an intermediate connector element 42, and a hose 44 with a first female flare union 46 at the end thereof proximate to gauge 40 and a second female flare union 48 at the opposite end thereof. Union 48 includes an actuator pin or member (not specifically shown) which provides actuation of valve stem 30 a and thus opening of valve unit 30 when union 48 is screwed on the male flare connection 28 a of tee connector 28.

The face of gauge 40 is shown in more detail in FIG. 3. Gauge 40 is a pressure gauge and in the illustrated embodiment, a measurement band or scale 50 provided around the outer periphery of the gauge indicates the measured gauge pressure in pounds per square inch, while an inner, concentric, part-circular measurement band or scale 52 provides an indication of the corresponding ambient temperature in degrees F. In the latter regard, the temperature scale 52 is calibrated to provide an indication of the minimum ambient temperature for the corresponding pressure reading so that, as shown, for a measurement of 40 psi gauge ambrent (or outside surrounding) the temperature should be no higher than about 20° F. while for measurement of 50 psi gauge the ambrent temperature should not be higher than roughly about 52° F. These pressure-temperature relationships have been previously determined for propane tanks and by incorporating the relationships into gauge 40, a repairman, knowing the ambient temperature, is provided with a direct indication as to whether the tank 16 may be out of fluid. Thus, considering the position of the needle 54 of gauge 40 shown in FIG. 2, the ambient temperature corresponding to the pressure reading (of about 75 psi) is about 48° F. so that the actual ambient temperature is higher, the tank 18 is possibly out of liquid.

It is to be understood that the indication provided by gauge 40 essentially concerns the rate of vaporization of the liquid so that when the ambient temperature reading corresponding to the gauge pressure is lower than the actual ambient temperature, an indication is provided that the vaporization rate in the tank 16 is insufficient. It will be appreciated that there can be more than one cause for this so that the tank may not actually be empty. For example, the situation may be one wherein the liquid in the tank is being used at a very high rate when the pressure measurement is made or one where the tank is too small and a larger tank is thus required. In any event, the pressure measurement and the corresponding calibrated value of the ambient temperature as compared with the actual temperature alert the repairman to a possible problem, including the possibility that the tank is empty.

Considering the overall operation of the assembly 10 of FIGS. 1 to 3, to install the valve assembly 12, the repairman simply replaces the existing, typically flexible connection between tank valve 20 and regulator 24 with valve assembly 12. With the valve assembly in place, to make a pressure measurement, cap 32 is removed from tee section 28 and the end connector or hose 44 is screwed onto tee section 28 so as to actuate valve 30 and open a path to gauge 40. A reading is then taken to determine whether the tank is out of liquid. As discussed above, even if a pressure reading is obtained, the repairman will be alerted to the possibility that the tank is out of liquid if the corresponding calibrated ambient temperature reading on scale 52 is less than the actual ambient temperature. Assuming that some filling of the tank 16 is required, the tank is pressurized and the tank valve 20 is closed. At this point, gauge 40 is checked again to determine whether there is a leak. If gauge 40 provides a steady reading, there is no leak downstream thereof. On the other hand, if there is a significant fall in pressure and, in particular a fall in pressure within the limits of sections 54 and 58 of the NFPA Pamphlet referred to above, it can be safely assumed that there is a leak in the system or an open appliance valve. The gas supply valve should then be left off, the customer notified and repairs made, as required.

Although the use of the gauge shown in FIG. 1 is generally preferred because of the ease of reading thereof, such a gauge may not be necessary in locations such as the sub-tropics where the temperature remains substantially constant during the work day and thus a conventional pressure gauge would be suitable. Further, although this would be more cumbersome, a chart or table showing vapor pressure of propane, such as that set forth below, can be used in combination with a conventional pressure gauge to relate temperature and pressure.

TABLE 1 VAPOR PRESSURES OF PROPANE 130° F. 257 psig 120° F. 225 psig 110° F. 197 psig 100° F. 172 psig  90° F. 149 psig  80° F. 128 psig  70° F. 109 psig  65° F. 100 psig  60° F.  92 psig  50° F.  77 psig  40° F.  63 psig  30° F.  51 psig  20° F.  40 psig  10° F.  31 psig  0° F.  23 psig  −5° F.  20 psig −10° F.  16 psig −15° F.  13 psig −20° F.  10 psig −25° F.  8 psig −30° F.  5 psig −35° F.  3 psig −40° F.  1 psig −44° F.  0 psig

Referring to FIG. 4, a first alterative embodiment of the invention is shown. In this embodiment, a straight pipe brass connector 60 is used to connect the overall valve and connector assembly 62 to the a conventional tank valve, indicated at 64. Connector 60 includes conventional left-hand threading 60 a for making this connection. The threading 60 b at the other end of connector 60 is used to make a connection with the main body of a one piece female tee connector 66.

The other end of the main body of tee connector 66 is adapted to be connected to the threaded end 68 a of a pigtail connector 68 which includes a pigtail portion 68 a and which connects to the regulator (not shown in FIG. 4).

In this embodiment, a needle valve unit 70, including a valve control member 70 a and male threads 70 b and 70 c at opposite ends thereof, is connected to the branch connector portion of tee connector 66. The valve control member 70 controls opening and closing of the associated valve of valve unit 70, i.e., this is not effected automatically as in the previous embodiment.

A pressure gauge 72 is screwed onto valve unit 70 when a pressure measurement is to be made whereas a cap 74 can be screwed onto valve unit 70 at other times. As set forth above, pressure gauge 72 can be a pressure gauge such as that shown in FIG. 3 or can be a conventional (e.g., 300 psig) pressure gauge for use with a chart or table which corresponds to Table 1 above relating temperature and vapor pressure and which would be adapted to be carried by the service personnel.

Referring to FIG. 5, a further embodiment of the invention is shown. This embodiment uses a number of components in common with the embodiment of FIG. 4 and these components, viz., the straight pipe connector 60, the tee connector 66 and the pigtail connector 68, have been given the same reference numerals. This embodiment differs from that of FIG. 4 in that the tee section also includes a female, liquid petroleum approved, quick coupling valve unit 76 which is adapted to be screwed by means of threading 76 a onto the branch connection portion of tee connector 66. Valve unit 76 is essentially conventional and includes an associated valve (not shown in FIG. 5) which is actuated when a male connector element 78 a of a conventional male quick coupling unit 78 is inserted into the female receptacle 76 a of coupling unit 76. Screw threadings 78 b enable male unit 78 to be connected to complementary threadings 80 a of a pressure gauge 80 which, again, can be the gauge of FIG. 3 or a more conventional gauge. Thus, a gauge reading can be provided by coupling male unit 78 with the associated gauge 80 screwed thereon, to the female valve unit 76 in the general manner of the embodiment of FIG. 1.

Turning to FIG. 6, yet another embodiment of the invention is shown. In this embodiment, the connector portion of the valve and connector assembly comprises connector element 82, which is similar to the connector element of the straight pipe connectors 60 of FIGS. 4 and 5 and which includes corresponding threading 82 a for connection to the tank valve (not shown in FIG. 6), and a pigtail connector 84, which is connected at its free end to the regulator (not shown). Further, instead of providing a separate tee connector as such, a tee or branch connection is provided by welding a Schrader valve unit 86 to the pigtail connector section 84. The core of the Schrader valve of unit 86 is indicated at 88 and valve unit 88 includes a conventional free end connector 88 a adapted to be received in a swivel nut 90 with a depressing stem (not shown) for actuating the Schrader valve. A flange adapter 92, affixed to swivel nut 90, enables connection to a gauge 94 which, again, can be either of the two basic types discussed above.

Referring to FIG. 7, still another embodiment of the invention is shown. This embodiment differs from those discussed above in that a direct hookup or connection to the regulator is provided and is particularly useful with systems employing liquid petroleum cylinders or bottles. A brass straight pipe connector 96 with conventional left-handed threading 96 a for connection to the tank valve (not shown in FIG. 7) also includes suitable threading 96 b at the other end of the straight pipe section 96 c of connector 96 for providing the direct connection to the cylinder regulator (not shown). Similarly to the embodiment of FIG. 6, a Schrader valve unit 98 is welded to the straight pipe section 96 c and includes a valve core 100, and a swivel nut 102 for actuating the Schrader valve is also provided. A flexible hose 104 connects nut 102 to a second female swivel nut 106 which differs from swivel nut 102 in that nut 106 does not include an actuating stem. A further connector 108, including a male flare 108 a and a female adapter 108 b, is used to connect hose 106 to a suitable gauge 110.

Referring to FIGS. 8 and 9, there is shown yet another embodiment of the invention. This embodiment is similar to that of FIGS. 6 and 7 in that a valve connection is again made directly to the pipe connection to the tank valve (rather than using a tee connector), but in this embodiment a “saddle” valve unit, indicated at 110, is used to make the direct connection. As shown in FIG. 8, a hole 112 is provided, e.g., by drilling, in a pipe connector 114. The latter may be a straight connector or a pigtail connector and includes an end connector 116 with conventional left hand threading 116 a. In a specific exemplary implementation, connector 114 is either ¼″ or ⅜″ by 12″ copper pigtail tube.

The legs 110 a of saddle valve unit 110, which are skewed in FIG. 8 for purposes of illustration, fit around connector 114 and the saddle valve unit 110 is soldered or welded directly onto connector 114 over the drilled hole 112. A knurled end cap or valve cap 118, generally corresponding to end cap 32, is connected to the free end of valve unit 110.

An advantage of the embodiment of FIGS. 8 and 9 over those of FIGS. 6 and 7 is that a stronger connection is provided between the valve assembly and the connector piping. Valve unit 110 preferably incorporates a Schrader valve but can employ another type of valve as discussed above. It will be understood that a meter or gauge would also be part of the overall kit or assembly and would, in use, be connected to the valve 110 after the cap 118 was removed, as described above in connection with the other embodiments.

Referring to FIGS. 10 to 13, still another preferred embodiment of the invention is shown. In this embodiment, a manifold block 120, best seen in FIGS. 10 to 12, is used to make the valve connection to pipe connector to tank valve. As illustrated, block 120 includes orthogonal bores 122 and 124, with a bore 124 extending completely through the block 120 between the sides thereof. Bore 124 comprises a first diameter portion 124 a adjacent each of the sides which steps down to a second, smaller diameter portion 124 b between the side portions 124 a. Bore 122 includes a cylindrical portion 122 a, a tapered portion 122 b and a small diameter portion 122 c which communicates with the central portion 124 b of bore 124. The small diameter portion 122 c is the #54 orifice required by NFPA specifications or a smaller orifice. A #54 orifice is an orifice having a diameter of 0.054 inches.

Referring to FIG. 13, the manifold block 120 is shown in the fully assembled state thereof mounted between sections 126 a and 126 b of pigtail pipe connector 126 connected to an end connector 128 with conventional left hand threading 128 a. In contrast the “saddle valve” embodiment of FIGS. 8 and 9, wherein the saddle valve unit 110 which includes the Schrader-Bridgeport housing LP valve core and end cap 118, is attached to the pigtail 114 by soldering, brazing or the like and the required small hole 112 (the #54 orifice mentioned above or a smaller orifice) is drilled into the tubing through the center of the valve housing, attachment of the manifold block 120 involves a different procedure. This procedure includes cutting the pigtail 126 (into sections 126 a and 126 b), deburring the cut end surfaces and the attaching the cut ends, by welding, brazing or the like, to the respective side bore portions 124 a and 124 b of bore 124. Further, a valve core housing 130 is then inserted into bore 122 and attached to the block 120, again by welding, brazing or the like. The very small diameter bore or hole 122 c (#54 orifice or smaller) is drilled at this time. This procedure, i.e., later drilling of hole 122 c ensures that the welding or brazing operation will not result in obstruction of the hole 122 c. Thereafter, the valve core (not shown in FIG. 13) is inserted into housing 130 and an end cap 132 attached.

FIG. 14 shows an alterative, presently preferred implementation of the embodiment of FIGS. 10 to 13. In this embodiment, the countersunk cylindrical portion 124 b of bore 124 is eliminated and the side portions 124 a are in direct communication. The facing ends of the side portions 124 a are tapered or angled (at a 59° angle in a specific, non-limiting example) as shown.

Referring to FIG. 15, a further embodiment of the manifold block of the invention is shown. In contrast to specific implementation of the embodiments of FIGS. 10 to 14 that is shown in FIG. 13, i.e., wherein the block 120 includes three drilled, female connections for making a soldered connection to appropriately sized copper tubing (e.g., ¼ inch or ⅛ inch thick) with suitable connections at either end (e.g., M.POL and F.POL or M.POL and M.NPT connections) and a pressure valve housing (e.g., a Schrader-Bridgeport valve), and a drilled orifice of a suitable size (e.g., a #54 orifice or smaller) in the pressure valve connection, the manifold block 134 includes three, or four, as in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 15, bores 136, 138, 140 and 142 with corresponding threaded (drilled and tapped) female connections 136 a, 138 a, 140 a and 142 a at the ends thereof. The bores 136, 138, 140 and 142 form a cross tee bore configuration, generally denoted 144, within block 134. A first, female connector 146 (e.g., a F.POL×M.NPT connector) is connected to bore 136 and a second, male connector 148 (e.g., a M.POL×M.NPT connector) is connected to threaded bore 138. An optional bleeder valve 150 is connected to optional threaded bore 140. A valve unit 152 (e.g., a conventional Schrader valve, i.e., a Schrader-Bridgeport valve) is connected to threaded bore 142. Bore 142 includes a reduced diameter orifice 154 which is preferably a #54 orifice or smaller. This embodiment eliminates the pigtail associated with the block 120 of FIG. 13 and enables the block 134 to be directly connected in place in the system. Otherwise, the block 134 is similar to the block of FIGS. 11 to 14, apart from the optional bleeder valve 150 and optional associated bore 140. Bleeder valve 150 is a conventional bleeder valve and performs a standard pressure bleed function.

Referring to FIG. 16, there is shown a further embodiment of the invention related to those of FIGS. 11 to 15. in FIG. 16, a conventional tank service valve 156 (corresponding, e.g., to tank valve 20 of FIG. 3) including an inlet connection 156 a threadably receiving a male connector 158 (e.g., a M.POL×M.NPT connector) generally corresponding to connector 148 of FIG. 15. In an exemplary, non-limiting embodiment, connector 158 is a M.POL (CGA 510) element with a ⅞ inch hex nut and ¼ inch M.NPT.

A three-port manifold block 160 (generally corresponding to block 134 of FIG. 15, without bleeder valve bore 140) includes a first threaded port or bore 160 a which either receives the threaded end 158 a of connector 158 or, as illustrated receives the threaded end 162 a of an optional, generally conventional flow control valve unit 162, preferably in the form of a shut-off ball valve, which is shown in more detail in FIG. 16(a). In the illustrated embodiment employing shut-off valve unit 162, flow control or shut-off valve unit 162 receives the threaded end 162 a of connector 158 and is used, through the operation of control handle 162 b (see FIG. 16(a)), to shut off the connection to tank service valve 156.

A valve unit 164 (e.g., a Schrader-Bridgeport valve corresponding to valve unit 152 of FIG. 15) is connected to a further bore or port 160 b of block 160 which includes #54, or smaller, orifice 160 c.

A female connector 166 is screwed into a further port or bore 160 a which is formed in block 160 and which is coextensive with bore 160 a, i.e., is part of the same through bore.

The shut-off valve 162 can be used to isolate the tank service valve 156 so as to enable confirmation of leakage at valve 156. In addition, shut-off valve 162 can also be used to provide a means for servicing the associated tank (e.g., corresponding to tank 16 of FIG. 3) without interrupting service. Such servicing could include valve replacement, painting of the tank, tank exchange and the like. To accomplish this without interrupting service, a further LP tank (not shown), carried, e.g., on the truck of the service person, would be connected to valve unit 164 of manifold block 160 to provide LP service while, at the same time, flow control valve 162 would be closed to disconnect the M.POL connection provided by connector 158 to the tank service valve 156 and thus to the tank (not shown) being serviced. With connector 158 unscrewed from the tank service valve 156, the corresponding tank can be removed for whatever servicing, repair or replacement that is necessary. It will be understood that, normally, service must be interrupted and the regulator, pigtail, and associated parts removed, to enable such things to be done, whereas the invention eliminates the need for such service interruption and part removal.

Referring to FIG. 17, a further embodiment of the invention is shown, The device shown in FIG. 17, which is generally denoted 170, is a gauge tester and is based on the manifold block embodiments described above. Gauge tester device 170 includes a “cross tee” manifold block 172 having four ports, as in the embodiment of FIG. 15. A male connector 174 (e.g., a M.POL×¼ inch (or larger or smaller) M.NPT or soldered like connector component) is connected to a first port, a female connector 176 (e.g., a F.POL×¼ inch (or larger or smaller) M.NPT or soldered like connector component) is connected to a second port, a pressure valve housing 178 (e.g., a Schrader-Bridgeport valve) 178 is connected to a third port and a pressure gauge 180 (e.g., a 300 psi gauge) is permanently connected (e.g., soldered) to a fourth port. The gauge tester device 170 is adapted to be used at LP dealer service centers to test the accuracy in the pressure readings provided by the mobile gauges used by driver and service personnel. Such a test pressure gauge (not shown) would be connected to valve housing 178 for testing. Although a four port device is shown which is particularly adapted for use in “in service” or “in use” applications, a three port embodiment, wherein the female port (POL) is eliminated, is preferred for “isolated” testing.

Although the present invention has been described to specific exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that variations and modifications can be effected in these exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A connector unit for direct or indirect connection between a tank service valve and a regulator of a propane tank system, said connector unit comprising a unitary monolithic manifold connector block, adapted to be directly or indirectly connected to the tank service valve, said manifold block including a through bore defining first and second output ports and a further bore, extending orthogonally to, and connected to, said through bore and defining a third output port, one of said bores being adapted to be connected to a valve unit and including a drilled hole portion of a diameter no greater than 0.054 inches.
 2. A connector unit as claimed in claim 1 wherein said one bore receives therein, and is connected to, a valve unit including a valve stem actuable to open a connection to said tank service valve through said one bore.
 3. A connector unit as claimed in claim 2 wherein said further bore includes a tapered portion adjacent to said drilled hole portion and an end portion in which said valve unit is received.
 4. A connector unit as claimed in claim 3 wherein said through bore includes end portions and a central portion of smaller diameter than said end portions in communication with the drilled hole portion of said further bore.
 5. A connector unit as claimed in claim 1 wherein said through bore includes at least one threaded end for connection to a connector element.
 6. A connector unit as claimed in claim 1 wherein said through bore includes at least one threaded end for connection to a tank service valve connector element.
 7. A connector unit as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a flow control valve connected to one end of said through bore between the tank service valve and said manifold connector block for, when closed, shutting off the connection between the tank service valve and the manifold connector block.
 8. A connector assembly as claimed in claim 1 wherein said at least one further bore comprises a further through bore extending orthogonally to the first mentioned through bore and having threaded opposite ends.
 9. A connector assembly as claimed in claim 8 wherein a pressure bleed valve is connected to one of said threaded ends of said further through bore.
 10. A connector unit as claimed in claim 1 wherein said unit further includes a pigtail connector connected to one end of said through bore.
 11. A connector unit as claimed in claim 1 wherein said unit further includes a pigtail pipe connector connected to one end of said through bore and a service valve end connector connected to the other end of said through bore.
 12. A connector unit as claimed in claim 11 wherein a further pigtail pipe connector, connected to said other end of said through bore, connects said service valve end connector to said other end.
 13. A connector unit as claimed in claim 11 wherein said unit includes a pigtail connector having sections soldered to opposite ends of said through bore.
 14. A connector assembly for direct or indirect connection to the tank service valve of a propane tank system, said connector unit comprising a unitary monolithic manifold connector block including a through bore having opposite threaded ends, and at least one further bore, extending orthogonally to, and connected to, said through bore, said at least one further bore having a threaded end, and one of said bores including a drilled hole portion of a diameter no greater than 0.054 inches and another of said bores providing, in use, a direct or indirect connection between the tank service valve and a regulator of the propane tank system, said assembly further comprising a valve unit including a threaded end received in said one bore.
 15. A connector unit as claimed in claim 14 further comprising first and second threaded connectors connected to two of said threaded ends.
 16. A connector assembly as claimed in claim 15 further comprising a flow control valve having a threaded end connected to one of said threaded ends between said manifold block and an associated one of said connectors, said associated one of said connector being adapted to be connected between the tank service valve and said flow control valve, when closed, shutting off the connection between the tank service valve and the manifold block.
 17. A connector assembly as claimed in claim 14 wherein said at least one further bore comprises a further through bore extending orthogonally to the first mentioned through bore and having threaded opposite ends.
 18. A connector assembly as claimed in claim 17 wherein a pressure bleed valve is connected to one of said threaded ends. 